英语句子成分(英文中的句子成分)
英语句子成分(英文中的句子成分)
因为语法是造句的规矩,学习语法也是为了能造句,能懂得句子的意思,所以咱们学语法先从句型开端。句子是由一个个的单词构成,这些单词在句子中又充任了不同的成分。因此,在讲句型之前,先简略介绍下句子成分。
英文当中有8大句子成分,分离是:
一、主语(subject):解释位于动作或状况的履行者,一般在谓动词前面
The girlshad been swimming.
The new teachercame in.
二、谓语(predicate):描写主语的行动动作或所处状况,谓语动词有人称、数、时态和语态变更
The girls had been swimming.
The new teachercame in.
三、表语(predicative):解释主语的特点、类属、状况、身份等,位于系动词后面
A poor man is not necessarily unhappy.
That iswhere your mistakes are.
【扩大知识-系动词】
在英语中,除了be动词以外,还有以下系动词:
1)表现主语特点状况的,如:
feel/look/sound/taste/smell/seem/appear…
2) 表现主语由一种状况改变为另一种状况的,如:
become/fall/go/grow/turn/get/come…
3) 表现主语坚持或持续某种状况的,如:
continue/remain/stay/keep/hold/rest/prove…
四、宾语(object):指一个动作的接收者,分为单宾语、双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、复合宾语(指宾语+宾语补足语)
I can't hearthe TV. Would you please turn it up?(单宾语)
Ruth gave Laurena nice bunch of flowers. (Lauren是间接宾语,a nice bunch of flowers是直接宾语)
We find her an honest girl. (宾语+宾语补足语)
五、补足语(complement):解释宾语或主语的性质、状况的
His daughter was elected manager of the company.
They became good friendsdespite the mistake.
六、状语(adverbial):用来润饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的一种成分,可以表现时光、地点、方法、比拟、水平、原因、目标、成果、资源网条件和妥协。
Suddenly, it started to rain heavily.
You probably won't notice it after a while.
When I've poured the drinks,I'll get some biscuits for you.
七、定语(attr资源网ibute):用来描写名词或代词的润饰语,有些定语放在被润饰词前面,叫前置定语;有些放在被润饰词后面,叫作后置定语
Many people like boiledwater than pure water.
The scientists present at the meeting were from different countries.
八、同位语(appositive):一个名词(或其它情势)对另一个名词或代词进行说明或弥补解释,这个名词(或其它情势)就是同位语
The English Department has two foreign teachers, an Australian and an American.
This term weeach bought an e-dictio资源网nary.
若你看完上述内容,试试看能否说出下列句子成分吧(答案见下期)
I can't stand the heat.
I sent you an E-mail.
You can leave the door open.
He speaks English well.
A good knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.
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